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Lines
Lines can be dynamic, horizontal, or even vertical which will help to shape up a room or space. Interior designers help to highlight the horizontal lines in such a way to make a room appear longer and wider and to draw an eye to a focal point. Vertical lines also help give an illusion of making a room being taller created by features like doorways and windows. Dynamic lines include all curved, diagonal, and zig-zag lines which helps capture the attention much longer and can be found in places like a staircase.
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Color
Color is one of the important elements of interior design. It has a unique ability to alter the perception, create mood and define unity around a space. For example, some colors like blue and green bring a soothing and calm environment in places like the bedroom, red appears to be a sharp elegant color and is mostly used in kitchens. Also the artificial and natural lighting affect the color across the day and night as well, given that light can alter our color perceptions.
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Texture
The texture is often referred to as the tactile surface of an object or finish. It one of the elements which are overlooked but can give a unique dimension to the room. There are two types of texture- actual texture and visual texture. Actual texture can be felt or seen and mostly has a 3D characteristic to it. Whereas, visual texture refers to the texture that is perceived by the naked eye. A good designer will be able to distinguish if there is a sense of something missing from the room, most likely it will be due to the lack of texture. The placement of objects compared to the object beside it also helps add contrast and emphasis to the final design.
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Pattern
Pattern paired with the color helps add more appeal to the room. Patterns can be seen by using a repetitive design which can be found in fabrics, rugs, soft furnishings, and wallpapers. Patterns can be of various types like geometrical, motif, organic, pictorial, stripes, or even animal prints. Of course, when implementing the pattern, it’s best to consider the size and style of the room. For example, for traditionally designed rooms, incorporating floral and organic prints help bring out even a better pattern to the design.
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Space
Space is the basic foundation of an interior and the physical boundaries of a room. Also, it is the main core among the elements of interior design. Space can be further divided into two categories- negative and positive space. Negative space is referred to as the empty/open space (including any space between objects) and positive space is the space contained by the objects. It depends on the client and the interior designer how they will use both sorts of spaces to enhance the interior even more.